Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan18:33 Jan 23 2007
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With the break-up of the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I, the League of Nations created French Mandate Syria and British Mandate Palestine. Approximately 78% of the British Mandate of Palestine was east of the Jordan river and was known as "Transjordan". In 1921, the British gave semi-autonomous control of Transjordan to the future Abdullah I of Jordan, from the Hashemite family, who had lost their civil war with the House of Saud for control of Mecca and Medina.
The Hashemites continued to rule Transjordan under British supervision until after World War II. In 1946, the British requested that the United Nations approve an end to British Mandate rule in Transjordan. Following this approval, the Jordanian Parliament proclaimed King Abdullah the first ruler of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. In 1950, Transjordan annexed the West Bank, which it kept under control after the armistice that followed the Arab League's war against Israel upon its declaration of independence in 1948. The annexation was recognised only by Great Britain. In the case of East Jerusalem, Britain did not give recognition.
Following the formation of the United Arab Republic (UAR) by Egypt and Syria, and the Iraqi Revolution in 1958, Jordanian trade routes and Iraqi oil supply were cut. Consequently, Jordan had to request aid from the United States and the United Kingdom, which prevented escalations between Jordan and the UAR (see Conflict between the United Arab Republic and Jordan).
In 1965, there was an exchange of land between Saudi Arabia and Jordan. Jordan gave up a relatively large area of inland desert in return for a small piece of sea-shore near Aqaba.
Jordan signed a mutual defence pact in May 1967 with Egypt, and it participated in the June 1967 war against Israel along with Syria, Egypt, and Iraq. During the war, Jordan lost the West Bank and East Jerusalem to Israel (the western sector having been under Israeli control). In 1988, Jordan renounced all claims to the West Bank but retained an administrative role pending a final settlement, and its 1994 treaty with Israel allowed for a continuing Jordanian role in Muslim and Christian holy places in Jerusalem.
Jordan in Lines
Official name: The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
Name: Jordan
The world (Jordan ) means strength and victory , It was said that Jordan is one of Noah’s sons.
Capital: Amman.
Independence:25/5/1946.
Location: South west Asia between 29ْ 11َ - 33ْ 22َ North
and 34ْ 59 َ - 39 ْ 18َ east.
Area: 89297 km2 . Jordan is divided into three regions (North , Middle, South ).
Population: 5,329,000 (2004) . most of them are concentrated in Amman the capital (38.1%) , then Irbid (17.8%) and Zarqa (15.07%).
Language: Arabic and English as a foreign language.
Currency: Dinar , every 0.71 Dinar equals 1 US$ (2004).
Religion: Islam 92% ,Christians 8% (2004).
Administrative Divisions:
Jordan is divided into the following (12) Govern orates
1- Irbid 2- Ajloun 3- Mafraq 4- Jerash
5- Zarqa 6-Amman(capital) 7-Balqa 8-Madqaba
9- Karak 10-Tafilah 11- ma’an 12-Aqba
Topography
Jordan’s basic Features are distinguished by their longitudinal extension from north to south . from west , Al Aghwar region is extended to include Jordan River valley , Dead Sea and wadi Araba. The Dead sea is considered the lowest spot all over the world . It is about (415 m.) below the sea level. Towards the East, the Heights extend to be traversed by streams and valleys. It is about 600 – 1500 m . Then height. The highest peak of these in Jabal Um Ad Dani (1845 m) then Jabal Um Eshreen (1753 m ) the maximum width of theses heights is (50 km ) Jordanian Badyia is extended east to form Jordan’s most area and considered part of Badiyat ash sham .
Climate
The Mediterranean climate predominates Jordan. August is the Hottest month in height and Aghwar , but in the Al Badiyah July is the hottest month due to the sea effect . The average temperature in Aghwar is 22 ْ -25 ْ , in heights ( except a limited area is sharah heights ) is 20 ْ –22ْ and Al Badiayh is 24ْ - 28ْ .
December is considered the coldest month all over Jordan and it is not below 5 ْ except in a limited area of sharah heights. Relatively Al Aghwar is a warm with not less than 13ْ (Wadi Al yabis ) in North , and increase towards south to reach 16 ْ in Aqaba ,in heights 6ْ - 8ْ and Al Badiyah 7ْ - 9ْ .
Jordan can be divided according to the rainfall averages to he following regions:-
1- Al Badiyah (Arid region ), the annual rainfall average is less than 200 mm.
3- Semi-humid region: the annual rainfall average is 350 – 500 mm.
4- Humid region the annual rainfall average is more than 500 mm .
5- Al Aghwar and semi Aghwar region: the annual rainfall average is about 200 – 350 mm.
Natural Plants
Natural plants are considered the origin of the agricultural plants types, the source of some medicines and the home for many creatures.
The natural pastures cover about 90% of Jordan’s area. The ministry of Agriculture established pastoral stations in different areas such as: Al khaneseri, Sorah, Sabha, Shomari, Omari, Dhaba’a, Jarba and Fjaij. Desert trees cover about 0.8 % of Jordan’s area, most of these trees are in Irbid Governorate. The most important kinds are (Oak, Terbinth,wild olive, carob, Juniper, Pine and Maple).
Black Iris in the national rose for Jordan and Oak is the national tree.
Industry
Since fifties, Jordan has encouraged and supported the local industry. The government shared the capital and offered facilities and technical aids, that’s why the industry sector had witnessed a remarkable development through the participance of the private and public sectors.
The most important industries in Jordan is:
Cement, Fertilizers, petroleum refining, iron and steel industry, electricity, foodstuffs, textiles and fabrics, leather industries in addition to potash and phosphate, Jordan is on the third class concerning exports phosphate at the world level.
The following industrial cities were established to organize the industry, encourage investors, and provide the required under structures:-
- Abdullah II Ben Hussein Industrial city / Sahab.
- Al Hasan Industrial city / Irbid.
- Al Hussein Ben Abdullah II Industrial city /Karak.
- Aqaba International Industrial city.
Also many frees zones were constructed to specify certain sites where special laws and regulations are applied, to be investment attraction zones for developing exported industries and commercial international exchanges , Transit trade and providing work opportunities for man power.
These free zones are distributed as follows:-
1- Free zone in Az-Zarka.
2- Free zone in Industrial city / Sahab.
3- Free zone in Al Hussein Ben Abdullah II city /Karak.
4- Free zone /Queen Alya’a International Airport .
The boy's and girl's name Jordan j(o)-rdan, jor-dan is pronounced JOR-dan. It is of Hebrew origin, and its meaning is "down-flowing". The river in Palestine where Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist. First used by Crusaders returning from the Holy Land.
Jordan has 23 variant forms: Jardena, Johrdan, Jordain, Jordaine, Jordana, Jordane, Jordanka, Jordann, Jordanna, Jordanne, Jorden, Jordena, Jordenn, Jordie, Jordin, Jordyn, Jordynn, Jorey, Jori, Jorie, Jorrdan, Jorry and Jourdan.
For more information, see also related names Giordana, Jardina and Yordan.
Baby names that sound like Jordan are Yordana, Arden, Ardin, Jardyna and Yordanna.
JORDAN
Gender: Masculine & Feminine
Usage: English, Biblical
Pronounced: JOR-dan [key]
From the name of a river flowing between the countries of Jordan and Israel. The river's name in Hebrew is יַרְדֵן (Yarden), and it is derived from יָרַד (yarad) meaning "descend" or "flow down". John the Baptist baptized Jesus Christ in its waters, and it was adopted as a personal name after crusaders brought back water from the river to baptize their children.
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